Summary about Disease
Familial short stature (FSS) is a condition where an individual is shorter than average compared to the general population, but their height is consistent with their family's pattern of growth. Individuals with FSS typically have parents who are also shorter than average. Their growth velocity is normal, and they enter puberty at a normal age. They are otherwise healthy and do not have any underlying medical condition causing their short stature. Their bone age matches their chronological age.
Symptoms
Significantly shorter than average height compared to peers of the same age and sex.
Height consistent with the familial pattern (parents or close relatives also short).
Normal growth velocity (rate of growth over time).
Normal puberty onset.
No other underlying medical conditions contributing to short stature.
Causes
Familial short stature is primarily determined by genetic factors. The height of parents and other close relatives significantly influences a child's potential height. No specific gene or gene mutation has been identified as the sole cause. It's a polygenic trait, meaning multiple genes contribute to the condition.
Medicine Used
Typically, no specific medication is used to treat familial short stature. Because it is a normal variation and not a disease, treatment to increase height is generally not recommended unless there are significant psychosocial concerns. In rare cases, growth hormone therapy might be considered, but this is controversial and generally not indicated for FSS.
Is Communicable
No, familial short stature is not communicable. It is a genetically inherited trait and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
No specific precautions are necessary for familial short stature as it is not a disease. Focus should be on maintaining a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition and exercise to support overall well-being. Addressing potential psychological or social concerns related to short stature may be beneficial.
How long does an outbreak last?
Familial short stature is not an outbreak or an infectious disease. It is a lifelong condition determined by genetics. Therefore, the concept of outbreak duration is not applicable.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of familial short stature involves:
Medical history: Assessing the child's growth pattern and family history of height.
Physical examination: Measuring height and weight, and evaluating general health.
Growth chart monitoring: Tracking the child's growth velocity over time.
Bone age assessment: X-ray of the left wrist and hand to determine skeletal maturity. In FSS, the bone age is typically consistent with chronological age.
Exclusion of other causes: Blood tests and other investigations to rule out underlying medical conditions that may cause short stature (e.g., hormonal deficiencies, genetic disorders).
Timeline of Symptoms
Familial short stature is typically apparent from early childhood. The child will consistently be shorter than average on growth charts. The short stature is persistent throughout childhood and adolescence, with normal growth velocity. Puberty occurs at the expected age.
Important Considerations
Psychosocial Impact: Address any potential psychological or social issues related to short stature. Counseling or support groups may be helpful.
Accurate Diagnosis: Ensure accurate diagnosis to differentiate FSS from other causes of short stature.
Growth Monitoring: Continue to monitor growth to ensure no other underlying condition develops.
Avoid Unnecessary Treatment: Avoid unnecessary or unproven treatments aimed at increasing height, as these can have potential side effects.
Promote self-esteem: Help the child to develop a positive self-image and focus on their strengths and abilities.